高焓流动重要基础问题研究进展

本文报道了我们在爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞中开展的测试工作的进展.试验气流有两种典型的状态.分别对应流动速度5km/s与4km/s.这里主要说明在气动热、气动力、红外辐射、电离特性、化学组分等物理量测量方法上,我们所做的努力以及所得到部分典型的结果.     

带射流孔板矩形扰流柱通道内的壁面换热

为了研究射流冲击对扰流柱通道内壁面的换热,以及射流孔板与扰流柱前缘的距离对通道换热的影响规律,采用薄膜加热片作为加热器提供等热流边界条件,对带射流孔板的矩形扰流柱通道进行了换热实验。实验结果表明在通道中布置扰流柱可以明显增强通道换热,且在扰流柱排前放置射流孔板可进一步对换热进行强化。实验还发现,射流孔板与扰流柱的间距不同,对通道换热的影响不同;在间距相同的情况下,射流孔板对不同位置的扰流柱换热的影响程度也有所差异。     

光电耦合器位移损伤效应研究

文章针对光电耦合器在空间辐射应用中的位移损伤效应,选取了一种典型的光电耦合器4N25进行了1MeV高能电子辐照试验,获得了辐照后器件电流传输比参数（CTR）的退化与电子注量的关系:在试验注量范围（1.3×1012 ~1.5×1013 cm-2）内,nCTR与电子通量成反比。通过位移损伤对器件及材料作用过程的分析,探讨了光电耦合器位移损伤效应作用机理。     

分子污染光学效应试验研究

卫星有机材料放气产生的分子污染是卫星在轨污染的重要来源。分子污染会造成敏感表面光学性能退化甚至失效,因此必须进行评估分析。文章对在卫星真空热试验中,采用光学试片进行污染光学效应测试的数据进行了分析,并且与国内外试验数据进行了比对,发现光学试片测得的透过率损失数据较为保守,分析原因是光学试片污染沉积为液滴状,导致散射损失较大。     

航天器近地空间环境效应综述

空间环境是影响航天器飞行的重要因素之一。文章在总结近地空间环境含义的基础上,按形成因素对近地空间环境进行分类,并详细分析了辐射环境、摄动环境、磁场环境、等离子体环境、微流星体和冷黑环境及其对近地空间航天器的效应。     

基于常规多普勒滤波器组结构的合成宽带距离像性能分析

为了消除散布效应对宽带信号的不利影响,可以利用多个窄带信号合成宽带信号;同时,通过在子带内处理相干脉冲串,可进行杂波抑制、目标速度估计和区分不同速度的目标。然而,在子带内分别使用常规多普勒滤波器组,会引进多普勒散布效应所造成的输出失配误差,从而造成合成距离像的失真。分析了多普勒散布效应与子带常规多普勒滤波器组输出失配之间的关系,推导了运动目标通过滤波器组后所成高分辨距离像的距离走动公式,给出了适合子带常规多普勒滤波器组的目标速度临界值。仿真实验验证了以上结论。     

Effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

The effects of a hot jet on detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures has been studied with two-dimensional numerical simulations with the open-source program AMROC that uses a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method. Results indicate that the hot jet could ignite the detonation effectively in supersonic combustible mixtures like a pneumatic ramp. After the realization of the detonation initiation, the hot jet can still play an important role on the detonation propagation during its continuous ejection. For a hot jet with certain diameter, it can result in an overdriven detonation with almost constant overdrive degree. After the shutdown of the hot jet, the stable CJ detonation combustion was realized finally in the supersonic combustible mixtures. With the re-ejection of the hot jet, the failed detonation could be reinitiated quickly. Through the control of the re-ejection of the hot jet, it plays a key role not only in the initiation process, but also in the subsequent continuous detonation combustion period.     

Mapping orbits around the asteroid 2001SN263

The present paper has the goal of mapping orbits, with respect to the perturbations, for a spacecraft traveling around the asteroid 2001SN₂₆₃. This asteroid is a triple system, which center of mass is in an elliptic orbit around the Sun. The perturbations considered in the present model are the ones due to the oblateness of the central body, the gravity field of the two satellite bodies (Beta and Gamma), the Sun, the Moon, the asteroids Vesta, Pallas and Ceres and all the planets of the Solar System. This mapping is important, because it shows the relative importance of each force for a given orbit for the spacecraft, helping to make a decision about which forces need to be included in the model for a given accuracy and nominal orbit. Another important application of this type of mapping is to find orbits that are less perturbed, since it is expected that those orbits have good potential to require a smaller number of station-keeping maneuvers. Simulations under different conditions are made to find those orbits. The main reason to study those trajectories is that, currently, there are several institutions in Brazil studying the possibility to make a mission to send a spacecraft to this asteroid (the so-called ASTER mission), because there are many important scientific studies that can be performed in that system. The results showed that Gamma is the main perturbing body, followed by Beta (10 times smaller) and the group Sun–Mars-oblateness of Alpha, with perturbations 1000 times weaker than the effects of Gamma. The other bodies have perturbations 10⁷ times smaller. The results also showed that circular and polar orbits are less perturbed, when compared to elliptical and equatorial orbits. Regarding the semi-major axis, an internal orbit is the best choice, followed by a larger external orbit. The inclination of the orbit plays an important role, and there are values for the inclination where the perturbations show minimum and maximum values, so it is important to make a good decision on those values.     

小型磁悬浮CMG高速转子动框架效应前馈补偿与实验

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺是航天器快速姿态控制与快速机动的新型空间执行机构。由于动框架效应,框架转动输出力矩反作用于飞轮转子,会导致磁轴承的径向载荷和控制电流发生改变。为抑制动框架效应对磁浮转子的影响,在分析力矩输出时高速磁浮转子受力特性的基础上,采用角速率前馈控制策略实现对动框架效应引发的力矩扰动的有效抑制,并在所研制的75Nms立式小型磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺上进行了整机输出特性测试。试验结果表明：该方法能在保证磁浮转子高速稳定的前提下有效抑制动框架效应,满足整机力矩输出的要求。     

测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试量的影响

针对传统软件可靠性验证测试方法均不考虑软件测试性可能会对验证测试用例数量产生影响的现状,提出一种引入测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试最小量进行改进的方法.分析了软件测试性的定义及其对软件可靠性测试集合的影响,提出软件测试有效性的概念.比较了考虑测试有效性前后软件可靠性验证测试集合在数量上的差异,证明经典统计方法和无先验知识的Bayesian统计推断方法确定的均为假定测试有效性为零情况下的保守估计.提出结合测试有效性的验证测试量的量化表示模型和验证测试方案的改进方法,基于统计故障注入的原理,提出测试有效性的定量评估方法,最后通过示例给出定量评估过程和方法.